By way of example only, the at, by, and choice (voteAtts) are all of datatype xsd:anyURI and have undefined semantics. Not only does this impair any hope of interoperability, it also stymies any attempt at conformance clauses. There is literally no definition to conform to.

BTW, there are 42 instances where attributes have the value of xsd:anyURI. I have only checked a sampling of them but the ones I checked all suffer from the same problem as at, by, and choice.

Absence some normative specification of values for xsd:anyURI, interoperability remains a matter of chance between users of Akoma Ntoso.

If the thought is to pass the declaration of normative values for xsd:anyURI to a profile, then part 1 should be written with conformance clauses for profiles which then define these values.